Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads

UNIT 10 3 WEEKs Resources for teachers to aid classroom instruction that cover Texas History during the period 1870 - 1900. Brought to you by The Portal to Texas History

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Pacing

Just the Basics: To meet the TEKS requirements while minimizing the amount of time spent in the unit, educators can focus solely on the following lessons (Approximately 7 - 8 class periods)

The Big Picture (1 class period)
Vocabulary (2 class periods)
What’s the Story? (1 - 2 class periods)
Frontier Wars (1 class period)
Cattle and Cowboys (1 class period)
The Problem with Cotton (1 class period)

Era Overview

Texas was greatly impacted by the migration and settlement of Americans from the eastern and southern states in the years following Reconstruction. As settlers migrated west in the years between 1870 and 1900, they interacted with both the human and physical geography of Texas. The establishment of railroads in the state greatly impacted the rate of settlement, development of new industries, and displacement of Native Texans.

The American Indians suffered greatly at the hands of railway construction. Bitter wars with settlers resulted in the forced displacement of native tribes onto reservations and the destruction of the buffalo that they depended on for survival.

With more and more railroads constructed in and across Texas, cattle driving, ranching, and cotton farming became major industries in Texas during the late 1870s. During the period of Reconstruction and shortly after, more and more Texans took an interest in cattle driving and ranching. Young men rushed to Texas to drive cattle into the American Northwest, which led to a new “cowboy” culture. The cattle industry faced many challenges including Texas Fever and dangers along the cattle drives. The introduction of barbed wire led to the growth of large ranches, which eventually ended the cattle drives in Texas.

In addition to cattle driving, the expansion of cotton farming swept across the state. Texas became a major producer of cotton. The overproduction of cotton resulted in the cotton industry collapsing and many poor farmers falling into financial trouble. The farming population of Texas experienced many difficulties and challenges due to the overgrowth of cotton and the corrupt business practices of the railroad industry.

Unit Level Downloads (English)

Unit Plan

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Downloadable/Editable versions of the English language unit plan. Provides an Era Overview and pacing, and outlines each lesson’s estimated completion time, essential questions, a description of each lesson, and student learning experiences and activities.

Other Units

Reconstruction Age of Oil

Lessons

Most lessons contain downloadable and printable documents, activities, and other resources to aid in classroom instruction. Lesson materials are available in multiple formats and typically contain variations based on learning needs. Learn more about alternative formats here.

The Big Picture

In this one-day lesson, students will examine the main events and defining characteristics of Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads.

Kansas Missouri The Grange The Farmer’s Alliance The Populist Party Bison American Buffalo Cattle drives Ranches Jim Crow laws Cotton Barbed wire Wind mills Railroads Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will use answer bank nine response options identify six statements believe true Texas United States Cotton, Cattle, Railroads era. Students use prior knowledge previous unit accomplish task. In exit ticket, students will identify three statements best summarize defining characteristics era answering multi-select question. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will read passage written on-grade-level Lexile level identify either cause(s) effect(s) four events reading. For event, either cause OR effect provided students, identify explain missing information. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will read passage written on-grade-level Lexile level key information presented bold lettering. Then, students identify causes effects four events reading choosing TWO three multiple choice options provided. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will read passage written above-grade level Lexile level identify explain cause(s) effect(s) 4 events Part III assignment.

Unit Plan # 1 45-60 min

How Do We Know What We Know?

In this one-day, primary source lesson, students will analyze a set of ten excerpts related to major topics and events of the Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads era.

Norris Wright Cuney Charles Goodnight Populists Adobe Walls Windmills Barbed wire Irrigation Ranches Cattle drives Farmer’s Alliance Cotton Agriculture Jim Crow laws Railroads The Fight at Adobe Walls Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will read primary source excerpt account seventeen year old migrated Plains hunt bison 1874. Students answer two multiple choice questions identify primary topic accurate summary excerpt. In exit ticket, students will respond writing prompt asking identify one major topic Cotton, Cattle, Railroads explain topic discussed one primary source materials examined. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Primary Source Excerpts This printable material includes ten primary source materials various topics related unit including overhunting bison Plains, expansion railroads, struggles cotton farmers, growth cattle drives ranches, new innovations like windmills barbed wire, Jim Crow laws. Grade Level Worksheet In printable assignment, students will read introduction unit grade level Lexile Level list three topics addressed reading. Students choose 6 10 possible primary source excerpts identify primary topic topics list provided, list key information, write brief summary excerpt. Foundation Worksheet In printable assignment, students will read introduction unit grade level Lexile Level key information provided bold lettering identify topics addressed reading list provided. Students choose 4 10 possible primary source excerpts identify primary topic topics list provided write brief summary excerpt. Advanced Worksheet In printable assignment, students will read introduction unit advanced Lexile Level list many topics reading can. Students choose 8 10 possible primary source excerpts record primary topic topics, list significant information, create brief summary excerpt.

Unit Plan # 2 45-60 min

Vocabulary

In this two-day lesson, students will be able to identify, define and give an example of each vocabulary term within the context of the Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads era.

Great Plains XIT ranch King ranch J.M. Keuhn ranch Tenant farming Sharecropping Farmer’s Alliance Populist Party Segregation Jim Crow laws Urbanization Industrialization Reform Innovation Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will self-assess prior knowledge four vocabulary terms unit: reform, tenant farming, ranch, urbanization. Students will determine level familiarity terms. In exit ticket, students will use word bank different terms choose three five terms best relate major themes unit. They will highlight circle terms. Students create short, constructed response explaining chose one terms word bank. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will use set short readings slideshow use vocabulary terms context determine definition term, identify example term, create image represents term. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will use set short readings use vocabulary terms context determine definition term choosing multiple-choice options create image represents term. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will use set short readings use vocabulary terms context determine definition term, identify example term, formulate antonym term, create image represents term, use term sentence. Optional Grade Level Vocabulary Quiz In printable assignment, students will match vocabulary terms definitions, complete fill-in-the-blank statements using terms word bank, answer two comprehension questions including chart diagram multi-select question. Optional Foundation Vocabulary Quiz In printable assignment, students will identify vocabulary terms definitions using multiple-choice response options, complete fill-in-the-blank statements using multiple-choice options, answer two comprehension questions including chart diagram multi-select question one answer option eliminated. Optional Advanced Vocabulary Quiz In printable assignment, students will match vocabulary terms definitions, complete fill-in-the-blank statements using terms word bank, answer four comprehension questions including chart, diagram, primary source excerpt, multi-select questions.

Unit Plan # 3 90-155 min

What's the Story?

In this two-day lesson, students will examine six readings presenting significant events that took place during Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads and identify their significance to United States and Texas history.

Quanah Parker Cynthia Ann Parker Peta Nocona Charles Goodnight John Adair Chief Satanta Buffalo soldiers Fort Worth Galveston San Antonio Great Plains Adobe Walls Salt Creek Kansas Missouri Oklahoma Ranching Cotton farming Bison hunting American buffalo Reservations “Texas fever” Cowboy culture Barbed wire JA Ranch XIT Ranch Tenant farming Populist Party Farmer’s Alliance Jim Crow laws Literacy tests Poll tax Salt Creek Massacre Red River War Battle at Adobe Walls Economic depressions Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will read three (fictional) newspaper headlines related era write least one piece information expect read article. In exit ticket, students will choose one event era list options write least one cause one effect chosen event. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will create short, constructed responses record date/dates timeframe, key information readings. They choose two options provided accurate description significance topic. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will complete chronological timeline notes chart choosing multiple-choice response options date, key details, significance event. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will create short, constructed responses complete timeline recording date/dates timeframe, key details, significance events described reading. Grade Level Readings This printable material provides set six short reading passages key events major themes related Texas United States period Cotton, Cattle, railroads. These readings written Lexile Level appropriate seventh grade students. Foundations Readings This printable material provides set six short reading passages key events major themes related Texas United States period Cotton, Cattle, Railroads. These readings written Lexile Level appropriate seventh grade students include key information bold writing literacy support. Advanced Readings This printable material provides set six short reading passages key events major themes related Texas United States period Cotton, Cattle, Railroads. These readings written above-grade level Lexile Level.

Unit Plan # 4 90-120 min

Who's who of Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads

In this one or multi-day optional extension lesson, students will read passages about key people of Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads to identify and summarize each person’s significance to the era. This lesson includes multiple ways to interact with the materials including biographical fact sheets, a dinner party activity, “I have / Who has” and student worksheets.

Quanah Parker Charles Goodnight Mary Ann “Molly” Goodnight James “Jim” Hogg Jesse Chisholm Christopher Columbus Slaughter Richard King Henrietta Chamberlain King Buffalo Soldiers Norris Wright Cuney Los Kineños Charles William Macune Bose Ikard Cynthia Anna Parker Mifflin Kenedy George T. Ruby Vaqueros Adobe Walls Oklahoma Palo Duro Canyon Fort Worth Colorado Llano Estacado Long S ranch Lazy S Ranch JA Ranch King Ranch Rio Grande Santa Gertrudis Ranch Red River Galveston Texas Rangers Goodnight-Loving Trail Chisholm Trail Bison hunting Ranching Chuck Wagon Governor “Hogg Laws” Railroad Commission Regulations Cattle drives 9th Cavalry 10th Cavalry 24th Infantry 25th Infantry Telegraph Medal of Honor Union League Farmer’s Alliance Populist Party Subtreasury plan Tenant farming Cleburn Demands Gold standard Medicine Lodge Council U.S.-Mexico War Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will consider, record, describe objects items might find time capsule year 1880. In exit ticket, students will choose one person lesson make inferences based readings person likely felt various topics Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads era. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will use readings record important information person including from, role Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads, one three significant facts achievements. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will use readings record important information person including role Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads one two significant facts achievements. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will use readings record important information person including from, interesting significant background information, role Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads, 3 significant facts achievements. Grade Level Readings This printable set readings seven individuals significant Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads Texas history. Readings written grade level Lexile level. Foundation Readings This printable set readings eleven individuals significant Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads Texas history. Readings written grade level Lexile level include key information presented bold lettering. Advanced Readings This printable set readings seven individuals significant Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads Texas history. Readings written seventh grade Lexile level, includes challenging vocabulary phrasing. I / Who Has? This printable activity set clue cards significant person readings. Students must determine person based clues given. It appropriate levels. Because fewer people unit, activity can completed smaller student groups. It may take approximately 30 - 45 minutes. Dinner Party Activity In printable assignment, students will choose 4 people lesson invite fictional dinner. Students will explain choices complete several short activities based points view chosen guests, including explaining agreements disagreements might occur dinner, guest might respond series questions, dialogue guests. It appropriate levels can shortened accommodate needs diverse learners. These activities can assigned altogether (approximately 45 – 60 minutes), activity can shortened assigning one activities (20 - 30 minutes.) Biographical Fact Sheet In printable assignment, students examine one specific person Who’s Who readings record significant information reading. It appropriate levels. This worksheet appropriate levels can adapted require less writing. (Approximately 45 – 60 minutes.)

Extension 45-180 min

Frontier Wars

This one day lesson presents information about the frontier wars, including the causes, key events, individuals involved, outcome, and significance to Texas history. Key events include the depletion of Plains bison herds, the Salt Creek Massacre, the fight at Adobe Walls, and the Red River War.

Quanah Parker Buffalo Soldiers Chief Satanta Fort Griffin Fort Richardson Palo Duro Canyon Oklahoma American Buffalo Bison Reservation Raid Warren Wagon Train Raid Salt Creek Massacre Fight at Adobe Walls Medicine Lodge Treaty Council Red River War Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will make observations inferences primary source image created Kiowa Indian depicting battle Red River War. In exit ticket, students will explain one cause one significant effect Frontier Wars complete three sentences stems writing prompt. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will read five passages written grade level Lexile level accompanying questions include multiple-choice, multi-select, short, constructed response questions sentence stems provided. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will read five passages written grade level Lexile level key information presented bold lettering. Accompanying questions include multiple-choice multi-select questions one answer choice eliminated short, constructed response questions sentence stems response options provided. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will read five passages written above-grade level Lexile level accompanying questions require short, constructed responses.

Unit Plan # 5 45-60 min

Cattle and Cowboys

In this one day lesson, students take part in a stations activity to examine various topics related to cowboys and the cattle industry in Texas.

Richard King Charles Goodnight John Adair Joseph Glidden Vaqueros Kansas Missouri Nebraska Wyoming XIT Ranch JA Ranch King Ranch Windmills Barbed wire Texas fever Union Pacific railroad Kansas Pacific railroad Santa Fe railroad Chisholm trail Goodnight-Loving trail Western trail Sedalia trail Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will make observations image cowboys taking break trail eat near chuck wagon. Students make inferences based image determine happening image. In exit ticket, students will read primary source excerpt one aspect life cowboy late 19th century identify information provided excerpt supports information learned class. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Stations This printable material includes set six stations used lesson. Stations include rise beef industry; Cattle drive trails; Texas cattle fever; Life cowboy; Mega ranches; Innovations. Students use information station complete work. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will complete chart answer questions including short constructed response, multiple choice, true false. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will complete chart response options answers provided, answer questions including short constructed response sentence stems response options, multiple choice one answer option eliminated, true false. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will complete chart answer short, constructed response questions summarizing main idea, explaining significance, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, using map skills, analyzing key topics related cowboys cattle.

Unit Plan # 6 45-60 min

The Problem with Cotton

In this one day lesson, students will identify the various economic challenges facing farmers during the period and examine different ways farmers attempted to address these challenges including the formation of groups like the Grange, the Farmer’s Alliance, and the Populist Party.

Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will analyze primary source excerpt speech given T. B. King Farmer’s Alliance Fourth July Celebration discussing opinion role farmers politics. Students will make claim author’s point view based evidence passage. In exit ticket, students will Students read secondary source excerpt “Gone Texas” Randolph Campbell discussing summary Populist Party significance Texas history. Students will make list three things can learn Populist Party based excerpt. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will answer multiple-choice questions, fill charts, answer short, constructed response questions sentence stems provided. Questions include summarizing main ideas supporting evidence, cause effect, explaining significance, comparing contrasting information. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will answer multiple-choice questions one answer option eliminated, fill charts information provided, answer short, constructed response questions sentence stems response options provided. Questions include summarizing main ideas supporting evidence, cause effect, explaining significance, comparing contrasting information. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will answer short, constructed response questions topic. Questions include summarizing main ideas supporting evidence, cause effect, explaining significance, comparing contrasting information.

Unit Plan # 7 45-60 min

Texas Today

In this one day lesson, students will examine the origins, purpose, key details, development, and modern significance of the Texas Railroad Commission.

James Hogg Railroad Commission Oil Natural Gas Price gouging Cotton Tenant farming Regulation Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will consider real-world scenario simulating monopolistic nature railroad price gouging identify challenges pose business owner problem addressed. In exit ticket, students will respond four true false statements related readings, making corrections edits false statements correct inaccurate information Railroad Commission. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will demonstrate understanding answering paper-adapted version hot spot question, multi-select question, short, constructed response question sentence stems guide responses. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will demonstrate understanding answering paper-adapted version hot spot question multi-select question one answer option eliminated both, short, constructed response question sentence stems response options guide responses. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will demonstrate understanding answering short, constructed response questions reading.

Unit Plan # 8 45-60 min

Looking Ahead

In this one day lesson, students will be able to explain the significance of the 1901 discovery of oil at Spindletop and summarize the effects of this discovery in Texas, U.S., and world history.

Anthony F. Lucas Spindletop Beaumont Ohio Oil Lucas Geyser Crude petroleum Oil discovered at Spindletop 1901 Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will make observations image children sitting Lone Star Gas Company truck. Students use observations make predictions expect learn next unit: Age Oil. In exit ticket, students will answer multiple-choice question identifying statement accurately summarizes significance Spindletop oil discovery. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will write five- seven-sentence paragraph explaining three significant effects discovery oil Spindletop, providing examples evidence primary source excerpts. Sentence stems provided guide students paragraph. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will write three-sentence response explaining one significant effect discovery oil Spindletop, providing examples evidence primary source excerpts. Sentence stems provided guide students paragraph. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will write seven- ten-sentence paragraph explaining three significant effects discovery oil Spindletop, providing examples evidence primary source excerpts.

Unit Plan # 9 45-60 min

Study Guide and Flashcards

In this one day review lesson, students will identify the significance of key terms, cause and effect relationships between significant events, and answer practice test questions to prepare for the unit 10 test.

Buffalo Soldiers James Hogg Quanah Parker Richard King Windmills Barbed wire The Grange Farmer's Alliance Populist Party People's Party Regulation JA ranch XIT ranch King ranch Railroad Commission Tenant Farming Cowboys Reservations Texas Fever Red River War Adobe Walls fight Urbanization Industrialization Innovation Westward migration Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Sources Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading, taking notes, answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Flash Cards This printable material provides set flash cards students can use match key terms definitions. Flashcards printed single-sided cut students can match them. Warm-up & Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will respond paper-adapted version STAAR hot spot question type choose topics themes believe likely appear Unit 10 test. In exit ticket, students will answer series questions self-assess reflect preparedness test. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will identify definitions 12 key terms separated two sets six, word bank; students match six causes corresponding effects era. The six divided two sets three; students answer practice test questions based new question types 8th grade social studies STAAR test. Questions include multi-select, multiple choice, hot spot, multi-part, short constructed response sentence stems guide student responses. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will identify definitions 12 key terms separated two sets six, using multiple choice response options determine key term; students match six causes corresponding effects era. The six divided two sets three one answer provided set; students answer practice test questions based new question types 8th grade social studies STAAR test. Questions include multi-select, multiple choice, hot spot, multi-part, (each one answer option eliminated) short constructed response sentence stems response options provided guide student responses. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will use one word bank 12 terms complete key terms definitions, written challenging Lexile level; students match six causes corresponding effects era; students answer practice test questions based new question types 8th grade social studies STAAR test. Questions include multi-select, multiple choice, hot spot, multi-part, short constructed response.

Review 45-60 min

Review Bingo Game

In this one day review lesson, students will review key terms, ideas, people, places, events, and major themes of Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads by playing Bingo using terms from the unit and clues about each term.

Review 45-60 min

Review Mind Map

In this one-day review lesson, students will create a visual representation of terms and concepts from the unit in the form of a mind map. Students will be able to identify how information from the unit is connected by making connections between terms on a mind map.

Review 45-60 min

Maps

We've assembled the following list of maps that are applicable to the Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads Unit.

Map aboriginal America: showing the distribution and territorial limits of the Indian nations, in the new world

"Map shows Native American tribe locations across the United States and portions of Mexico and Canada."

The Santa Fé Trail

"Map shows historical trade routes across the western United States. Includes legend and illustrations."

Map of the Texas & Pacific Rail Way

"Map shows highlighted railroad routes between Shreveport and Texarkana across north central Texas, southern New Mexico, Arizona, and California to San Diego."

'Texas New Yorker' Travelers' railroad map of the State of Texas

"Map shows late nineteenth century south, central, and east Texas railroads, counties, and county seats. Includes illustration, 'HQ for Texas,' and text, 'Historical Statistics concerning Texas.'."

A geographically correct map of the State of Texas

"Map shows counties, cities, towns, military posts, existing railroads, proposed railroads. Native American tribal locations in "Indian Territory" is also indicated."

Correct map of Texas

"Map shows "railroads in operation, railroads in course of construction, wagon roads, and county seats." Includes advice and statistical tables on wages, prices on goods, lumber, as well as how and why to go to Texas."

Colonists' and emigrants' route to Texas

"Map shows pictorial representation of Texas cities, towns, and military posts in European fashion [as if built on a hill]; roads, railroads, steam ship lines into Galveston, "International Overland Route," and rivers."

Map of the Texas short line: St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, Texas & Pacific and International & Great Northern Railways

"Map shows main and connecting railroad routes from St. Louis to cities in Arkansas and Texas and stops along those routes. Includes panel below map with advertising text."

Map showing Cattle Trails as used from 1866 to 1895

"Map of the cattle trails throughout Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Texas, used to travel northward to markets and shipping points. The map also includes state boundaries, major towns, bodies of water, and areas of elevation."

The Best and Shortest Cattle Trails From Texas

"Map of the cattle trails throughout Texas, present-day Oklahoma, Colorado, and Kansas, used to travel northward to markets and shipping points. The map also includes towns, railroads, and bodies of water."

Cram's railroad and county map of Texas

"Map shows counties, major cities and towns, and railroads in all but westernmost tip of Texas; Native American nations and township grid in adjoining Indian Territory; counties, major cities and towns, railroads, township grid, and areas of Native American habitation."

Public sale of town lots, at Hubbard City : on the Texas and St. Louis Railway, Thursday, August 11, 1881

"Map shows late nineteenth century Hubbard, Texas street names, block and lot numbers, lot and street dimensions, parks, courthouse, schools, and railroads. Includes text describing advantages of Hubbard City, the terms of sale, and railroad transportation to the sale."

The railroad system of Texas on September 1st, 1881

"Map shows the late nineteenth century Texas railroad system as shown in the Galveston News."

Maps of Dallas and Buffalo

"Map shows late nineteenth century Dallas, Texas street names, parks, railroads, street car lines, cemeteries, and some buildings."

City of Houston, Texas, 1884

"Map shows first, second, third, fourth, and fifth wards of Houston, Texas with street names, buildings, parks, churches, businesses, cemeteries, railroads, block numbers, lot numbers, and ownership."

Bird's eye view of San Antonio : Bexar Co. Texas 1886 looking north east

"Hand drawn aerial map of 1886 San Antonio showing streets, buildings, vegetation, and landmarks."

Map of Texas

"Map shows Texas county boundaries as of September 1, 1888."

Map of Taylor County, Texas

"Survey map of Taylor County, Texas, along with advertisements and a description of Taylor County, published in a periodical. The map shows property lines, ownership, land grants, and plat numbers."

Galveston County

"Map shows land patents, block and tract numbers, landowners, towns, and railroads; portions of adjacent counties where property boundaries extend beyond county limits."

Videos

We provide videos for both continuing education and classroom use. Please see each video's descriptive page for related resources and details about accessibility and viewing options.

6 min. For Students

Preview of Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads

A short introductory video to the Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads Unit. Includes worksheets and/or other attachments.

44 min. For Teachers

Indian Wars and Cattle Drives

The rise of the cattle industry and conflicts with Indians in Texas, covering: Massive Immigration, Last of the Indian Wars, Post-War Cattle Markets, Rise of Cattle Drives.

22 min. For Teachers

Mega-Ranches

Ranching in Texas, covering: Rise of Mega-Ranches, End of the Cattle Drives.

54 min. For Teachers

Farmers in Rebellion

Texas near the end of the 19th century, including: The Problem of Cotton, The Grange, The Farmer’s Alliance, Rise of the Populists, Election of 1892.

41 min. For Teachers

Populism and Jim Crow

Populism and the Jim Crow era in Texas, covering: 1893 Populists on the Rise, he Fateful Election of 1896, Fall and Collapse of the Populists, Establishing Jim Crow Texas.

46 min. For Teachers

Cities and the Hurricane

The hurricane that hit Texas in 1900, covering Life in Texas by 1900, the Storm of 1900.

More Resources

The following list of resources provide additional information to help you dive deeper into the context of the unit. Books are linked to OCLC WorldCat, allowing you find a copy in your nearest local library or to make a request for it using interlibrary loan.

General

website Results for Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads in The Portal to Texas History

Digital copies of primary sources and other documents from our about this time period contributed to The Portal to Texas History by institutional partners from across the State.

Cotton, Cattle, & Railroads

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Era Overview

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