Republic of Texas

UNIT 6 13-23 DAYS Resources for teachers to aid classroom instruction that cover Texas History during the period 1836 - 1845. Brought to you by The Portal to Texas History

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Pacing

Era Overview

When Texas emerged as an independent republic (1836-1845), the new nation faced tremendous challenges: the nation was deeply in debt and Mexico, who refused to recognize Texas independence and threatened to reconquer the region. The United States had also refused Texas’s request to be annexed to the United States. Texans thus began forging their own nation, built on the Texas-grown cotton that made up more than 90 percent of the Republic’s exports.

As the first president of the Republic, Sam Houston worked to put the Lone Star Republic on stable ground. Houston sought peace treaties with various Indian tribes in Texas, attempted to have Texas recognized by the nations of Europe, and tried to solve the Republic’s financial problems. But Houston discovered that no European nations would recognize Texas, largely because slavery remained legal in the Republic. As a result, the Texas nation could not secure loans and had trouble selling its cotton abroad, driving the Republic deeper into debt.

The second president, Mirabeau Lamar, attempted to fix these problems by taking Texas in a radically new direction. Instead of making peace with Texas Indians, Lamar declared war on them, driving most groups out of East Texas. Lamar also failed to get most European nations to recognize Texas and his wars against Texas Indians had driven up the Republic’s debt dramatically. When the price of cotton collapsed in Texas during the late 1830s (further compounding the nation’s economic woes), Lamar launched a mission to nearby Santa Fe, New Mexico, that ended in disaster, embarrassing the Republic.

By the time Houston became president again during the early 1840s, challenges facing the Republic had made it difficult for Texas to defend itself. Mexico, indeed, invaded and took over San Antonio twice in 1842. As such, Houston pushed hard to have Texas annexed to the United States during the first half of the 1840s, an effort which finally succeeded under President Anson Jones in 1845.

Other Units

The Texas Revolution Early Statehood

Lessons

Most lessons contain downloadable and printable documents, activities, and other resources to aid in classroom instruction. Lesson materials are available in multiple formats and typically contain variations based on learning needs.

The Big Picture

This one-day lesson includes primary source images, a reading passage, and comprehension questions covering the major challenges facing Texas from 1836 to 1845. Students learn the key events, major themes, and defining characteristics of the Republic of Texas

Antonio López de Santa Anna The United States Great Britain Mexico The Treaties of Velasco Texas annexation 1845 The Battle of San Jacinto Annexation Commercial relationships Diplomatic recognition Territorial disputes Border disputes Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will choose items answer bank believe true Republic Texas immediately Texas Revolution 1836 based prior knowledge previous unit. In exit ticket, students will choose four options provided explaining different challenges Republic Texas faced 1836 1845 explain one possible way Texas address chosen issue. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit ticket back Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will make observations, inferences, predictions unit based primary source image. Students will read grade-level passage presenting four significant challenges facing Republic Texas 1836 1845. Students will answer comprehension questions based 8th Grade STAAR item types including Inline choice (multiple choice) Short Constructed Response questions. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will make observations, inferences, predictions unit based primary source image. Students will read grade-level passage presenting four significant challenges facing Republic Texas 1836 1845. The Foundations reading presents significant information reading bold font. Students will answer comprehension questions based 8th Grade STAAR item types including Inline choice (multiple choice) one answer option eliminated Short Constructed Response sentence stems response options provided. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will make observations, inferences, predictions unit based primary source image. Students will read advanced Lexile-level passage presenting four significant challenges facing Republic Texas 1836 1845. Students will answer comprehension questions based 8th Grade STAAR item types including Inline choice (multiple choice) Short Constructed Response questions.

Unit Plan # 1 45-60 min

How Do We Know What We Know?

This one-day lesson provides a variety of primary source materials for students to learn about the Republic of Texas, including what life was like during this era, some of the challenges that faced people in Texas and the Republic of Texas government, two possible solutions to address these challenges, and one American political point of view of the situation.

Henry Clay Rosa Kleberg (Rosalie Kleberg) Antonio López de Santa Anna Cat Spring Clarksville San Antonio Great Britain The Board of Land Commissioners Debt Annexation Commercial alliance The Runaway Scrape Annexation Commerce Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will read primary source passage account life Republic Texas written German immigrant named Rosa Kleberg. Kleberg discusses conflict nearby American Indian tribes, immigrants living community, founding local school, absence government services like post office. Students make inferences life Texas era based Kleberg’s account. In exit ticket, students will choose one point view six provided graphic organizer (including Anglos, Tejanos, American Indians, U.S. citizens, Mexican citizens) write journal entry Republic Texas chosen point view. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit ticket back. Grade Level Student Worksheet In printable assignment, students will read three primary source excerpts Republic Texas Era answer short, constructed response questions analyzing source, summarizing main idea, making claim source supporting textual evidence, making inferences era based primary source. Grade level questions include Short Constructed Response, Inline Choice, Multiselect. Vocabulary supports provided primary source excerpts. Foundation Student Worksheet In printable assignment, students will read three primary source excerpts Republic Texas Era key information presented bold text, answer short, constructed response questions analyzing source, summarizing main idea, making claim source supporting textual evidence, making inferences era based primary source. Foundations questions include Short Constructed Response sentence stems response options provided, Inline Choice, Multiselect one answer option eliminated. Vocabulary supports provided primary source excerpts. Advanced Student Worksheet In printable assignment, students will read three primary source excerpts Republic Texas Era answer short, constructed response questions analyzing source, summarizing main idea, making claim source supporting textual evidence, making inferences era based primary source. Advanced questions Short Constructed Responses.

Unit Plan # 2 45-60 min

Vocabulary

This two-day lesson presents unit vocabulary in short readings that provide the terms in the context of significant information from the unit. Students use the readings to complete vocabulary charts and take a vocabulary quiz.

Great Britain The United States of America Debt Annexation Commercial alliance Slavery Cotton Plantation agriculture Diplomatic recognition Texas annexation 1845 Abolition Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will preview four vocabulary terms unit (commerce, tariff, abolish, annexation) evaluate prior knowledge term, recording information already know term. In exit ticket, students will use word bank different terms choose terms related major themes unit. They will highlight circle terms. Students create short, constructed response explaining chose one terms word bank. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will use short readings provide definition, example reading, visual representation vocabulary term. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will choose multiple choice options identify correct definition term create visual representation term. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will provide definition, example reading, antonym, visual representation term, use complete sentence. Optional Grade Level Vocabulary Quiz In printable assignment, students will assess knowledge unit vocabulary matching terms definitions, completing fill-in-the-blank statements terms, answering comprehension questions including multiselect, hot spot, short constructed response questions. Optional Foundation Vocabulary Quiz In printable assignment, students will assess knowledge unit vocabulary completing matching portion 2 answer choices provided, fill-in-the-blank multiple choice options, answer comprehension questions including Hot Spot one answer option eliminated, Multiselect, Short Constructed Response sentence stems response options provided. Optional Advanced Vocabulary Quiz In printable assignment, students will assess knowledge unit vocabulary matching terms definitions, completing fill-in-the-blank statements terms, answering short constructed response questions.

Unit Plan # 3 90-120 min

What's the Story?

In this two-day lesson, students will read short passages to identify and explain the causes, effects, and main details of key events of the Republic of Texas era.

Sam Houston Mirabeau Lamar Anson Jones Antonio López de Santa Anna Vicente Córdova Vicente Filasola Caddo Indians Kickapoo Indians Cherokee Indians Comanche Indians Thomas J. Rusk John Tyler Houston Austin San Antonio Nacogdoches Angelina River Trinity River Santa Fe, New Mexico Mexico City Veracruz Rio Grande River The Córdova Rebellion Council House Fight Comanche Raids on Victoria and Linnville The Santa Fe Expedition Texas Annexation 1845 Annexation Diplomatic Recognition Commercial alliance Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will make inferences predictions role Texas Rangers era based prior knowledge challenges Texas faced image several Rangers rifles horseback. In exit ticket, students will choose four statements true Republic Texas six given statements graphic organizer. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will create short, constructed responses record date dates key information readings. They choose two options provided accurate description significance topic. Grade level work requires students choose THREE six given events era explain primary cause effect chosen events. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will complete chart choosing two options provided accurate description significance topic. Students choose 2 correct pieces information related event 3 possible answers. Foundations work requires students choose THREE six given events era choose correct multiple-choice option primary cause effect chosen events. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will create short, constructed responses complete timeline recording date dates, key details, significance events described reading. Advanced work requires students explain primary cause effect six significant events era. Grade Level Readings This printable material provides set eight short readings students will use complete assignment. Grade level readings written 7th grade Lexile level grade-level appropriate vocabulary phrasing. Foundations Readings This printable material provides set eight short readings students will use complete assignment. Foundations readings written 7th grade Lexile level grade-level appropriate vocabulary phrasing. They contain significant information bold font. Advanced Readings This printable material provides set eight short readings students will use complete assignment. Advanced readings written higher Lexile level challenging vocabulary complex phrasing.

Unit Plan # 4 90-120 min

Who's Who of the Republic of Texas

This lesson provides readings, worksheets, and additional extension activities for researching key people of the Republic of Texas and their significance to the era.

Sam Houston Mirabeau Lamar Anson Jones John “Jack” Coffee Hays Chief Bowles (Chief Bowl) William Goyens Mary Adams Maverick José Antonio Navarro Vicent Córdova Alexander Somervell Adrián Woll Stephen Pearl Andrews Rosa Kleberg (Rosalie Von Kleberg) Cherokee Indians Comanche Indians Texas Rangers San Antonio Austin Houston Nacogdoches Mexico City Veracruz Perote Prison Laredo Guerrero Mier Salado Creek Great Britain The United States of America Santa Fe, New Mexico France Annexation Diplomatic Recognition Tariffs Slavery Immigration Córdova Rebellion Indian Wars Battle of the Neches Battle of Salado Mexican army occupation of San Antonio Somervell Expedition Mier Fight Santa Fe Expedition Texas annexation Council House Fight Abolition Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will observe primary source photograph Sam Houston's kitchen Huntsville home make inferences life Texas 1800s based observations. In exit ticket, students will choose two people day's lesson determine friends opponents. Students justify claim based information readings. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will use readings record important information person including from, role Republic Texas, one three significant facts achievements. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will use readings record important information person including role Republic Texas one two significant facts achievements. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will use readings record important information person including from, interesting significant background information, role Republic Texas, 3 significant facts achievements. Grade Level Readings This printable set readings written grade level 14 significant people Republic Texas Era. Foundation Readings This printable set readings written grade level 14 significant people Republic Texas Era. Significant terms key information presented bold lettering. Advanced Readings This printable set readings written grade level 14 significant people Texas Revolutionary Era. I / Who Has? This printable activity set clue cards significant person reading. It appropriate levels. This activity meant completed together class take approximately 30 - 45 minutes. Dinner Party Activity In printable assignment, students will choose 4 people lesson invite fictional dinner. Students will explain choices complete several short activities based points view chosen guests, including explaining agreements disagreements might occur dinner, guest might respond series questions, dialogue guests. It appropriate levels can shortened accommodate needs diverse learners. These activities can assigned altogether (approximately 45 – 60 minutes), activity can shortened assigning one activities (30 minutes.) Biographical Fact Sheet In printable assignment, students examine one specific person Who's Who readings record significant information reading. It appropriate levels. (Approximately 45 – 60 minutes.

Unit Plan # 5 45-180 min

Events of the Republic of Texas

This two-day note-taking lesson presents the causes, effects, and details of significant events of the Republic of Texas under the administrations of Presidents Sam Houston, Mirabeau Lamar, and Anson Jones.

Sam Houston Mirabeau Lamar Anson Jones Thomas J. Rusk Vicente Córdova Caddos Cherokees Comanches Alexander Somervell William S. Fisher Texas Rangers Houston Austin San Antonio Victoria Linnville Santa Fe The Neches River Nacogdoches Salada Creek Mier, Mexico Laredo Guerrero, Mexico Britain The United States France Navy Commercial alliance Diplomatic alliance Debt Córdova Rebellion Santa Fe Expedition Council House Fight Mier Fight Somervell Expedition Battle of Salado Creek Texas annexation Battle of the Neches Relocation of Texas capital Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will choose one event learned far. They describe explain happened chosen event, significance event Republic Texas. This warm-up can used day multi-day assignment, students choosing new event time complete it. In exit ticket, students will create True/False statement based information lesson explain statement true false. This exit ticket can used day multi-day assignment, students creating new question time. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will use slideshow record information key events Republic Texas details significance event. Students fill blanks words phrases event note-taking guide graphic organizers provided guide note taking. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will use slideshow record information key events Republic Texas details significance event note-taking guide graphic organizers provided guide note taking. Students fill blanks individual words. Foundations work reduced amount writing per event. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will use slideshow record information key events Republic Texas including details significance event. Students can encouraged paraphrase information notes note-taking guide graphic organizers provided guide note taking.

Unit Plan # 6 90-180 min

The Córdova Rebellion Extension Lesson

In this optional, one-day lesson students learn key information about the Córdova Rebellion by analyzing three primary source newspaper articles which include key events, people, causes, and significance of the rebellion.

Thomas J. Rusk Vicente Córdova Chief Bowles Cherokees Kickapoos Caddos Coushattas Texan militia Tejanos Nacogdoches The Angelina River The Mexican Constitution of 1824 The Córdova Rebellion Battle of the Neches Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will make predictions day’s lesson hypothesizing group groups might likely rebel Texas government providing justification hypothesis. In exit ticket, students will compare Indian policies Presidents Sam Houston Mirabeau Lamar based knowledge previous lessons. Students consider events Córdova Rebellion may affected president’s policy toward Texas Indians event occurred. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will read analyze three primary source excerpts related events Córdova Rebellion. Students complete short, constructed response questions sentence stems guide responses, multiple-choice questions, multi-select questions. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will read analyze three primary source excerpts related events Córdova Rebellion. Students complete short, constructed response questions sentence stems response options guide responses, multiple-choice questions multi-select questions one answer choice eliminated. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will read analyze three primary source excerpts related events Córdova Rebellion. Students complete short, constructed response questions summarize main idea, provide supporting evidence, analyze author’s point view.

Extension 45-60 min

The Council House Fight Extension

This one-day optional extension lesson includes a reading detailing the causes, events, outcome, and significance of the Council House Fight, and a storyboarding activity based on six primary source excerpts of the event.

Mary Maverick Matilda Lockhart Penateka Comanches Mirabeau Lamar San Antonio Comanchería Raids Captives The Council House Fight The Comanche Raids on Linnville and Victoria Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will make observations inferences territory known Comanchería effects proximity nearby Texas towns San Antonio Austin based map Republic Texas surrounding areas. In exit ticket, students will read list seven statements Council House Fight identify statements true. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Primary Source Excerpt Cards This printable material provides six primary source excerpt cards can cut left one document. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will read grade level reading passage answer multiple-choice, multi-select, short constructed response question sentence stems guide student responses. Students use six primary source excerpts create storyboard one San Antonio woman’s experience Council House Fight. Titles provided image. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will read grade level reading passage significant information presented bold text answer multiple-choice question one answer choice eliminated, multi-select question one answer choice eliminated, short constructed response question sentence stems response options provided guide student responses. Students use six primary source excerpts create storyboard one San Antonio woman’s experience Council House Fight. Titles provided image. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will read passage advanced Lexile level answer short, constructed response questions analyzing main idea, supporting evidence, identifying significance Council House Fight. Students use six primary source excerpts create storyboard one San Antonio woman’s experience Council House Fight provide title description image.

Extension 45-60 min

The Santa Fe Expedition Extension

In this optional one-day extension lesson, students will analyze five primary source excerpts about the Santa Fe Expedition to get a firsthand account of the key events, major challenges, and outcome of the expedition. Students will also identify and evaluate the author’s opinion of the expedition.

Thomas Falconer Governor Manuel Armijo Colonel Diego Archuleta Mirabeau Lamar Santa Fe The Great Plains Region Mexico City Veracruz Perote prison Austin Commerce Expedition Raids Santa Fe Expedition Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will analyze map depicting route Santa Fe Expedition draw conclusions type geography, environment different Texas tribes expeditioners likely encountered journey. In exit ticket, students will write 3- 5- sentence journal entry experience might members Santa Fe Expedition. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will read five excerpts Thomas Falconer’s journal entries Santa Fe Expedition letter Falconer wrote friend experience. Students identify summarize key information, analyze author’s point view expedition answering short, constructed response questions sentence stems provided guide responses, multiple-choice questions, multi-select questions. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will Students read five excerpts Thomas Falconer’s journal entries Santa Fe Expedition letter Falconer wrote friend experience. Readings key information presented bold lettering. Students identify summarize key information, analyze author’s point view expedition answering short, constructed response questions sentence stems response options provided guide responses, multiple-choice questions one answer option eliminated, multi-select questions one answer option eliminated. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will read five excerpts Thomas Falconer’s journal entries Santa Fe Expedition letter Falconer wrote friend experience. Students identify summarize key information, analyze author’s point view expedition answering short, constructed response questions.

Extension 45-60 min

The Somervell Expedition and Mier Fight Extension

In this optional, one- or two-day lesson, students create a visual or written representation of the events of the Somervell Expedition and Mier Fight based on a timeline chronology of the events. The student activity will take an additional class day or may be assigned as homework to be completed outside of class.

Sam Houston Alexander Somervell General Rafael Vásquez General Adrián Woll William S. Fisher Antonio López de Santa Anna Laredo Guerrero San Antonio Salado Mexico City Veracruz Perote Prison Somervell Expedition Mier Fight Black Bean Episode Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will consider respond Mexico’s two invasions Texas President Sam Houston time. They provide justification response one potential challenge negative aspect plan. In exit ticket, students will imagine representatives United States congress heard Somervell Expedition Mier Fight. Students consider events negative positive influence opinions Texas annexation United States. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Timeline Events This printable material provides day-by-day chronological timeline significant events Somervell Expedition Mier Fight. Grade Level Student Worksheet In printable assignment, students will choose three options complete portion assignment. They can create series journal entries, series images storyboard, newspaper article. Each options will give students opportunity demonstrate understanding significant events chronological order timeline. Advanced work includes writing higher level requirements activity option. Foundations Student Worksheet In printable assignment, students will choose three options complete portion assignment. They can create series journal entries, series images storyboard, newspaper article. Each options will give students opportunity demonstrate understanding significant events chronological order timeline. Grade level work includes grade-level appropriate amount writing requirements option. Advanced Student Worksheet In printable assignment, students will choose three options complete portion assignment. They can create series journal entries, series images storyboard, newspaper article. Each options will give students opportunity demonstrate understanding significant events chronological order timeline. Foundations work includes reduced amount writing requirements option.

Extension 45-90 min

Texas Annexation

In this one-day lesson, students will analyze the six primary terms of Texas annexation to the United States.

San Antonio Rio Grande Mexico Border disputes Congress Debt Public lands Navy Annexation Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will read primary source excerpt Texas newspaper published 1845 provides one point view annexation people Liberty County. Students make claim majority citizens Liberty County felt annexation using evidence primary source excerpt. In exit ticket, students will choose one term day’s lesson make claim whether believe majority Texans supported opposed chosen term. Students provide justification claim. This activity designed printed double-sided. The warm-up exit The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will respond short, constructed response questions sentence stems guide responses, multi-select questions, multiple-choice questions evaluate analyze six primary terms Texas annexation United States. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will respond short, constructed response questions sentence stems response options guide responses, multi-select questions multiple-choice questions one answer option eliminated. These questions intended help students evaluate analyze six primary terms Texas annexation United States. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will respond short, constructed response questions, multi-select questions, multiple-choice questions evaluate analyze six primary terms Texas annexation United States.

Extension 45-60 min

Texas Today

In this one-day lesson, students examine contemporary data and information about how Texas ownership of its public lands has benefited Texas education, veterans, government functions, and citizens. At the conclusion of this lesson, students will write a one-paragraph essay about the benefits of Texas’ public land ownership based on the information provided, and a graphic organizer to organize essay information.

Spindletop The Texas General Land Office The Permanent School Fund The Permanent University Fund The Veterans Land Board Oil Natural Gas Discovery of oil at Spindletop 1901 Public Land Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will make observations inferences map Permanent School Fund Lands speculate information map related unit. In exit ticket, students will read excerpt article Texas General Land Office. Based excerpt, students choose responses best complete statement Texas public lands. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will read passage written Lexile level appropriate 7th grade answer multiple-choice multi-select question demonstrate comprehension main topic supporting evidence. Students complete graphic organizer information included. They must add information completes already provided graphic organizer. Then, students write essay 5 – 8 sentences explaining significant benefits Texas ownership public lands. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will read passage written Lexile level appropriate 7th grade answer multiple-choice multi-select question (both one answer choices eliminated) demonstrate comprehension main topic supporting evidence. Students complete graphic organizer information provided. They must choose two options space available complete remainder graphic organizer. Then, students complete essay choosing responses provided based information graphic organizer. The amount writing significantly reduced Foundations work. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will read passage written above-grade Lexile Level answer short, constructed responses demonstrate comprehension main topic supporting evidence. Students complete full graphic organizer choosing information reading include essay, write essay 7 – 10 complete sentences explaining significant benefits Texas ownership public lands.

Unit Plan # 7 45 min

Looking Ahead

In this one-day lesson students will get a preview of events to come in the next unit as they examine a series of events that led to the U.S. – Mexico War and the role Texas played in the outbreak of the war.

Juan Almonte James K. Polk Zachary Taylor John C. Calhoun Santa Anna Corpus Christi Nueces River Rio Grande River Matamoros Palo Alto The U.S. – Mexico War Texas annexation The Battle of Palo Alto Manifest Destiny Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will read 6 statements provided chart possible events occur next unit. Students circle highlight events believe likely occur based prior knowledge significance Texas’ annexation United States. Students identify one event chosen events believe certain happen. In exit ticket, students will create true false question based information today’s lesson. Students asked prepared explain question answer. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Grade Level Work In printable assignment, students will answer short, constructed response questions sentence stems provided multiple-choice questions demonstrate understanding cause-and-effect relationship events leading U.S. – Mexico War. Readings written appropriate Lexile level 7th grade. Foundation Work In printable assignment, students will answer short, constructed response questions sentence stems response options provided multi-select options provided, multiple-choice questions one answer option eliminated. Readings include key words phrases bold lettering. Advanced Work In printable assignment, students will answer short, constructed response questions demonstrate understanding cause-and-effect relationship events leading U.S. – Mexico War. Readings written advanced Lexile level.

Unit Plan # 8 45-60 min

Study Guide and Flashcards

In this lesson students will review key terms, concepts, people, and events of the Republic of Texas in preparation for a unit test. This lesson includes fill-in-the-blank with a word bank, matching cause and effect statements, creating a timeline of significant events, and answering practice test questions based on new STAAR item types from the 8th grade social studies test.

Sam Houston Mirabeau Lamar Anson Jones John “Jack” Coffee Hays Texas Rangers Chief Bowles Mary Maverick William Goyens José Antonio Navarro Austin Nacogdoches San Antonio Laredo Guerrero Mier Córdova Rebellion. Council House Fight Santa Fe Expedition Mier Fight Somervell Expedition Annexation Battle of Salado Battle of the Neches Mexican invasion of Texas 1842 Republic Lesson Plan, Teacher Guide, Primary Sources Used Downloadable/editable versions lesson plan, including step-by-step guide lesson. When applicable, list primary sources used lesson also included. Slideshow This ready-to-use classroom slideshow contains warm-up exercise, daily objective, "We will / I will" statements, essential question lesson. It guides class assignment providing larger versions images, visual representations directions, supports reading, taking notes, answering questions including sentence stems in-class responses. It concludes exit ticket. Flash Cards This printable material provides set flashcards key people, places, events, terms students use study aid unit 5 test. Flashcards printed single-sided cut students match term definition. Warm-up Exit Ticket In printable warm-up / bell-ringer activity, students will identify key concepts Republic Texas think likely Unit 6 test based graphic organizer providing nine possible topic options. In exit ticket, students will complete prompts graphic organizer self-assessing preparedness Unit 6 test. The Warm-up Exit Ticket document includes two warm-ups front page two exit tickets back page. This formatting reduces number copies needed, teachers will cut printed page half. Each student will receive half-page warm-up front exit back. Student Work In printable assignment, students will use word bank identify significance key people Republic, match cause-and-effect statements, answer practice test questions based new 8th grade social studies STAAR item types including Multi-Part, Match Table Grid, paper-adapted version Drag Drop, Short Constructed Response. Foundation Student Work In printable assignment, students will identify significance key people Republic using multiple-choice answer options, match cause-and-effect statements 3 answers provided, answer practice test questions based new 8th grade social studies STAAR item types including Multi-Part one answer option eliminated, paper-adapted version Drag Drop one answer provided, Short Constructed Response sentence stems response options provided. Advanced Student Work In printable assignment, students will use word bank 12 options identify significance 9 key people Republic (3 terms word bank will used), create timeline 6 significant events era, match cause-and-effect statements, answer practice test questions based new 8th grade social studies STAAR item types including Multi-Part, Match Table Grid, paper-adapted version Drag Drop, Short Constructed Response.

Review 45-60 min

Review Mind Map

An optional, one-day review lesson providing students an opportunity to make connections between key terms, people, places, and major themes within the unit by creating a mind map.

Review 45-60 min

Review Bingo Game

An optional, one-day review game in which students play Bingo to review key terms, people, places, events, and major themes of the Republic of Texas.

Review 45-60 min

Maps

We've assembled the following list of maps that are applicable to the Republic of Texas Unit.

The United States, Texas & the British Provinces of the Canadas, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, N. Brunswick & Prince Edward Island

"Map shows major cities, political divisions and geography of early nineteenth century North America. Relief shown by hachures."

A map of Mexico and the Republic of Texas

"Map shows cities and provinces of Mexico and a separate Texas with boundaries extended to the 'Rio Bravo del Norte.'"

Nouvelle carte du Mexique, du Texas et d'une partie des états limitrophes

"Map shows the geography and settlements of 1840 Mexico and the Republic of Texas along with adjoining areas of the United States."

A New map of the United States and Mexico

"Map shows mid-nineteenth century cities, states, international boundaries, areas of Native American habitation, Oregon Territory, and Missouri Territory in the United States."

Map of Texas

"Atlas map of the state of Texas, showing towns, roads, water bodies, and other geological features."

Map of Texas

"Map of Texas showing major cities, geographic features (with relief shown by hachures), and rivers as well as Cross Timbers, Old Spanish Road, and U.S. Traders Road."

Karte von Texas entworfen nach den Vermessungen welche in den Acten der General-Land-Office der Republic Liegen bis zum Jahr 1839...

"Map that accompanies the book Entstehungsgeschichte und Gegenwärtige Zustand."

A new map of Texas

"Boundaries of Texas. Political, Conventional, and Natural. Relief shown pictorially."

Central America. II. Including Texas, California, and the northern states of Mexico

"Map of Texas and northern Mexico, as well as the surrounding area."

Mexico

"Map shows mid-nineteenth century Mexican states or provinces, cities, roads, and areas of Native American occupancy. Texas is shown as a separate entity, encompassing Santa Fe."

North America

"Map shows Texas separate from Mexico, Alaska as "Russian America," provinces and states, major cities and towns."

A map of the Indian territory, northern Texas and New Mexico [map] showing the great western prairies

"Map shows locations and hunting grounds of Native American tribes, and routes of expeditions."

Map of Texas and the countries adjacent

"Map shows northern Mexico, southwestern U.S., and Texas as defined by Act of the Texian Congress, December 19, 1836; includes Native American tribes, battle sites, major cities and towns, water resources, roads, and trails."

Texas

"Map shows major roads, early county lines, military posts, Spanish missions, geographic features, cities, towns, and ferries on the Sabine River in the eastern and southern portions of mid-nineteenth century Texas."

Videos

We provide videos for both continuing education and classroom use. Please see each video's descriptive page for related resources and details about accessibility and viewing options.

6 min.

Preview of The Republic of Texas

After winning independence from Mexico in 1836, Texas became its own country. Historian Andrew Torget provides a short overview of why many Texans wanted to join the U.S., the major challenges the Republic of Texas faced—including slavery, debt, and war—and how those struggles shaped its future. Learn why the U.S. finally agreed to annex Texas in 1845, changing the course of North American history.

60 min.

Rise of the Republic

The founding of the Republic of Texas, covering: (1) What does the Republic mean to Texans?, (2) What Will Texas Become?, (3) Forming a Republic.

57 min.